References

The methods in this code draw on the following works.

Radiative transfer

  • Kitzmann, D., Diploma thesis — the primary reference for the spherical variable-Eddington-factor moment scheme, the Taylor/spline discretisations, the flux forms (eq. 2.58/2.59/2.61), and the full-linearisation temperature correction (§3.2.3/3.2.4, App. B). Equation numbers in this documentation refer to it.

  • Rybicki, G. B. & Hummer, D. G. — the variable-Eddington-factor / impact-parameter (Feautrier) formulation for spherical atmospheres.

Dust formation

  • Gail, H.-P. & Sedlmayr, E. (1984) and the textbook Physics and Chemistry of Circumstellar Dust Shells (Gail & Sedlmayr) — the moment method, classical nucleation theory, and the differential (in-sweep) carbon depletion (§14.3).

  • Winters, J. M., PhD thesis — the coupled stationary-wind model scheme (§4.3, Fig. 4.1), the differential carbon depletion (Eq. 5.4), and the prescribed-\(\dot{M}\) setup (App. A).

Wind hydrodynamics

  • Melia, F. (1988) — the \(\Phi=\tfrac12(v+c_T^2/v)\) transform that removes the sonic-point singularity.

  • Dominik, C. (1990) and PhD thesis — the Henyey-type global relaxation of the wind + dust-moment boundary-value problem, and the observation that shooting is “unstable and slow.”

Chemistry and opacities

Reference object

  • IRC+10216 (CW Leonis) — the prototypical carbon star and the reference application; observed \(\dot{M}\approx8\times10^{-5}\,M_\odot\, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}\).

Software libraries

  • Eigen (linear algebra), CppAD (automatic differentiation), and toml++ (configuration parsing). See Installation and building.

Note

The diploma thesis PDF, and additional literature on the coupled model, the Melia transform and the Henyey relaxation, are collected in the project’s Literature/ directory alongside the source.